Interdependency
By understanding to what Reckonation theorizes in thourough means of applying Reconciliation to apply Recognition through Interdependency while backing belief of Freedom Of Religion, while telling of:
The quality or condition of being interdependent, or mutually positioning the means to become reliant on each other. Globalization of economies leads to an ever-increasingly Interdependence amongst Countries. The idea of this Website is not only to use to inspire the Web Designer's Work, but also to inspire yourselves from that gain, to inspire yourself as an Independent to become Interdependent by means to realizing just what kind of World can be influenced by getting things done. Not to enforce Propaganda through a collage of unnecessary motive. History is apart of us for a reason. Whither it can be seen through a Past, Present, & Future Generative, there is really no need to disclose uncomfortableness once the position-of-state to Unify is at hand. And by doing so, the research inspired not only came from Christ, but also from other religions as well that's been portrayed in Fictional Resources & Nonfictional Resources. By citing this Material, & what is shown on this Website is meant to inspire you to get behind a much Futuristic necessity in life to conspire a means to be happier through this Artistic Movement that inspires Interdependency, that as a being, regardless of Religious Affiliation, you can be the Person to help stabilize oncoming generations, regardless of a God & Goddess that you back your beliefs in, only to know that we are all Human Beings, meant to do something in life for the purpose to create a Stable Market in Society, so that there be no problem to obtain value-ships amongst necessities seen in life, for anyone can work to Inspire.
The quality or condition of being interdependent, or mutually positioning the means to become reliant on each other. Globalization of economies leads to an ever-increasingly Interdependence amongst Countries. The idea of this Website is not only to use to inspire the Web Designer's Work, but also to inspire yourselves from that gain, to inspire yourself as an Independent to become Interdependent by means to realizing just what kind of World can be influenced by getting things done. Not to enforce Propaganda through a collage of unnecessary motive. History is apart of us for a reason. Whither it can be seen through a Past, Present, & Future Generative, there is really no need to disclose uncomfortableness once the position-of-state to Unify is at hand. And by doing so, the research inspired not only came from Christ, but also from other religions as well that's been portrayed in Fictional Resources & Nonfictional Resources. By citing this Material, & what is shown on this Website is meant to inspire you to get behind a much Futuristic necessity in life to conspire a means to be happier through this Artistic Movement that inspires Interdependency, that as a being, regardless of Religious Affiliation, you can be the Person to help stabilize oncoming generations, regardless of a God & Goddess that you back your beliefs in, only to know that we are all Human Beings, meant to do something in life for the purpose to create a Stable Market in Society, so that there be no problem to obtain value-ships amongst necessities seen in life, for anyone can work to Inspire.
Tech Topic 19: Communication Interdependencies
Communications systems are the backbone for much of the critical infrastructure within the United States and many of the other infrastructure components are completely dependent on communications systems to perform their missions. The communications sector provides the basis for information exchange for all other sectors including voice, data, video, and Internet connectivity. As such, communications systems serve part in parcel with other key national security and emergency preparedness resources and are an important component of our overall national critical infrastructure. It is therefore incumbent to recognize the importance that communications has for national security policy and issues of homeland security. At the same time, it is important to recognize the key factors upon which the communications infrastructure is dependent. In this topic, the core principles of public safety communications form the basis for a discussion of the interdependencies of communications systems. In particular, the focus of this topic is the interdependencies between the communications sector and the national utility infrastructure.
One way of investigating the interdependencies of the communications architecture is to look at them from a critical infrastructure perspective. The National Infrastructure Protection Plan1 (NIPP) is intended to meet the requirements set forth by the President in Presidential Directive 7 (HSPD-7), Critical Infrastructure Identification, Prioritization, and Protection, and is an overarching approach for integrating the nation's Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CIKR) protection initiatives. One of the critical sectors within the CIKR is the Communications Sector3. In addition, the Energy Sector is comprised of the oil, gas, and electric power production, refining, storage and distribution facilities and the Water Sector includes all those facilities for fresh water and waste water management. These two sectors are administered by national or local public service commissioners. The national protection plan highlights those sectors that are critical for national security and emergency preparedness and delineates measures to protect these resources. Similarly, the Communications Sector-Specific Plan details factors that are important for the protection of the communications sector. Alternatively, the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) has published a set of Critical Infrastructure Technical Briefs that "...identify key strategies for our consideration as we meet ongoing challenges within each of the electricity, natural gas, water, and telecommunications sectors." The following diagram from the NARUC "Issue Paper on Critical Infrastructure Protection" shows many of the interdependencies for the utility "sector." It only partially illustrates the extent of the interdependencies between the utilities (electric power, oil and gas, water), and other sectors including communications, transportation, banking and finance, government services, transportation, and government services. |
It is clear from this diagram that there is a great deal of interdependency between the Communications Sector and a number of the functionaries within the utility community. This diagram illustrates that almost all of the utilities have critical requirements for communications of some form. Alternatively, the communications community has a number of instances where they are dependent on the utilities. The remainder of the topic will highlight some of these issues.
Without question, the dominant dependency for the Communications Sector is electrical power. Every node in the communications architecture - whether it is a switching center, radio relay site, cell site, other remote site, or any other facility - relies on electrical power for its operation. Electricity powers the communications systems equipment, the central control/management/operating systems, and even the environmental control systems surrounding the communications equipment. In most cases, the power to run the communications infrastructure is provided on a continual basis by the commercial power industry. As such, there is a direct and critical link between the electrical power networks and the communications networks that are dependent on them. On the other hand, the electrical power industry is dependent upon the communications providers for inter-facility communications, management and control of operations, and management of facilities. Although many power production and distribution facilities have their own organic communications facilities that utilize the power grid infrastructure, nevertheless, the power industry is still reliant on commercial communications facilities for transferring information. In order to overcome any loss of commercial power, most communications locations have some form of alternative power capability inherent to the facility. This backup power is usually in the form of battery support for short duration power outages while larger facilities will subsequently utilize organic power generators to provide power until the commercial supplier is back on line. In both cases, the backup power capability is limited. First, batteries have only a short term life of approximately a few hours. Second, the local generators have a limited supply of fuel and must be resupplied depending on how long the generators must continue to operate. |
A number of recent large scale power outages including the 2003 Northeast region blackout and Hurricane Katrina in 2005 have highlighted the strong interdependencies of the power and communications sectors. In response to these outages and the resulting studies done by the National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee (NSTAC),7 in 2007 the National Communications System Committee of Principals (COP) established the Communications Dependency on Electrical Power Working Group (CDEP WG). The report of this working group found a number of conclusions and recommendations for the communications sector to address long term power outages and their impacts on the communications sector.
The requirements for locally generated power suggest another dependency for the Communications Sector. Where it is necessary to generate power independently, the generators rely on some source of energy (water, fuel, etc.) to run the generators and this is usually a fossil fuel of some form – usually diesel fuel. Thus, the reliance on the Energy Sector is critical for communications providers when there is a loss of commercial power and for as long as they must run their generators. This is not the norm though and usually the communications providers have limited on-hand supplies of fuel and rely on support agreements with local fuel and transportation providers to be able to support them in times of disaster, outages, or other emergencies. Closely related to fuel for generators is the requirement in many cases for natural gas or other fuels for heating purposes. Most communications facilities require environmental control to maintain nominal conditions for equipment to operate; this may require either water for cooling or gas for heating.
The potential dependency on water resources as a source for energy to generate power is most likely a small factor when compared to the use of water for other purposes. Access to water and the ability to handle waste water can be critical dependencies for communications providers. In most cases, the environmental control systems for communications facilities rely on fresh water for air conditioning and other environmental services. The availability of fresh water is therefore extremely important for facility owners and operators. Similarly, the ability to handle waste water from chillers or coolers is also important. Both the supply of fresh water and the handling of waste water are essential for most large scale communications facilities.
The next critical dependency for the Communications Sector as well as the other sectors is related to security of the facilities, but in this instance it is security of a different kind. Much of the communications infrastructure, including the SS7 control architecture itself, is vulnerable to cyber attack from either inside or outside of the network. The fact is that perhaps the largest vulnerability – and dependency – of the national communications infrastructure as well as the infrastructure for other sectors is on cyber security. The control of communications networks and all of its functional components are vulnerable to various degrees of cyber attacks on the software operating systems by either the idle hacker or the more malicious intruder participating in information warfare. This is also true of all of the networks within other sectors. In all instances, the networks must be protected and guarded from attack.
Finally, the communications infrastructure and the utilities are extremely dependent on the Information Technology Sector. This dependency is due to the reliance of the communications systems on the software that runs the control mechanisms of the operating systems, the management software, the billing software, and any number of other software packages that are used by industry. This also includes the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems that provide the real time control mechanisms for most of the power and utility facilities.
From this discussion, it is clear that the any number of interdependencies could threaten one of the key components of our critical national infrastructure, the communications sector. These factors are the "realities" of the communications domain and go beyond just the core precepts of good communications systems development and design. Clearly, there is a great deal of interdependence on other outside factors that could threaten communications and other key resources. Without the active participation of each of these sectors, the key and essential facilities of the communications industry could be very vulnerable – a fact that is not acceptable for the protection of our national interests.
The requirements for locally generated power suggest another dependency for the Communications Sector. Where it is necessary to generate power independently, the generators rely on some source of energy (water, fuel, etc.) to run the generators and this is usually a fossil fuel of some form – usually diesel fuel. Thus, the reliance on the Energy Sector is critical for communications providers when there is a loss of commercial power and for as long as they must run their generators. This is not the norm though and usually the communications providers have limited on-hand supplies of fuel and rely on support agreements with local fuel and transportation providers to be able to support them in times of disaster, outages, or other emergencies. Closely related to fuel for generators is the requirement in many cases for natural gas or other fuels for heating purposes. Most communications facilities require environmental control to maintain nominal conditions for equipment to operate; this may require either water for cooling or gas for heating.
The potential dependency on water resources as a source for energy to generate power is most likely a small factor when compared to the use of water for other purposes. Access to water and the ability to handle waste water can be critical dependencies for communications providers. In most cases, the environmental control systems for communications facilities rely on fresh water for air conditioning and other environmental services. The availability of fresh water is therefore extremely important for facility owners and operators. Similarly, the ability to handle waste water from chillers or coolers is also important. Both the supply of fresh water and the handling of waste water are essential for most large scale communications facilities.
The next critical dependency for the Communications Sector as well as the other sectors is related to security of the facilities, but in this instance it is security of a different kind. Much of the communications infrastructure, including the SS7 control architecture itself, is vulnerable to cyber attack from either inside or outside of the network. The fact is that perhaps the largest vulnerability – and dependency – of the national communications infrastructure as well as the infrastructure for other sectors is on cyber security. The control of communications networks and all of its functional components are vulnerable to various degrees of cyber attacks on the software operating systems by either the idle hacker or the more malicious intruder participating in information warfare. This is also true of all of the networks within other sectors. In all instances, the networks must be protected and guarded from attack.
Finally, the communications infrastructure and the utilities are extremely dependent on the Information Technology Sector. This dependency is due to the reliance of the communications systems on the software that runs the control mechanisms of the operating systems, the management software, the billing software, and any number of other software packages that are used by industry. This also includes the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems that provide the real time control mechanisms for most of the power and utility facilities.
From this discussion, it is clear that the any number of interdependencies could threaten one of the key components of our critical national infrastructure, the communications sector. These factors are the "realities" of the communications domain and go beyond just the core precepts of good communications systems development and design. Clearly, there is a great deal of interdependence on other outside factors that could threaten communications and other key resources. Without the active participation of each of these sectors, the key and essential facilities of the communications industry could be very vulnerable – a fact that is not acceptable for the protection of our national interests.
Throughout the region, captured and cultured marine fisheries continue to play an important role in the food security, poverty alleviation and economies of many countries. Marine fisheries resources have been largely overexploited, and as a result development of coastal aquaculture has been encouraged to provide the needed protein, income, employment, and export earnings for some countries. Such a policy trend implies, however, that sufficient food for cultured marine fisheries will be available. Inevitably, a dangerous spiral has evolved where the demand for low value/trash fish has supported increased fishing pressure on already degraded resources. This raises some important questions regarding the social, economic and ecological costs and benefits of this system, its sustainability and future trends.
|
One obvious but important conclusion is that given the strong interdependency between capture fisheries and aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region, management of these two subsectors cannot be carried out in isolation of each other. This interdependency raises many important questions. For example:
- has the system evolved into a sustainable system whereby overfishing of more traditional fishery resources has allowed an increased supply of low value/trash fish to meet increased demands;
- what impact is harvesting the juveniles of potentially commercial species having on the total supply of high-quality fish for human consumption both in the region, and globally;
- where will the food for the increasing aquaculture sector in the region be sourced from in the future;
- what will be the implications of an increasing gap between supply and demand (and resulting increase in the price of fish) for food security and poverty alleviation in the region;
- will substitute feeds for livestock and fish (if developed) result in a collapse of the existing low value/trash fish markets and impact the livelihoods of Asia-Pacific fishing communities;
- will current fishery policies that advocate reduction in fishing capacity and rights-based fisheries management actually improve the overall situation; and
- last but not least - who are the beneficiaries and the losers of the current system and how would that change through management interventions?
Man On The Moon
|
A moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both manned and unmanned (robotic) missions. The first human-made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2 mission, on 13 September 1959.
The United States' Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. There have been six manned U.S. landings(between 1969 and 1972) and numerous unmanned landings, with no soft landings happening from 1976 until 13 December 2013. To date, the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon. |
Oscar Mayer Wiener
|
The Oscar Mayer Company is an American meat and cold cut production company, owned by Kraft Foods Group, known for its hot dogs, bologna, bacon, ham and Lunchables products.
The Oscar Mayer Wienermobile has evolved from Carl Mayer's original 1936 vehicle to the vehicles seen on the road today. Although gas rationing kept the Wienermobile off the road during World War II, in the 1950s Oscar Mayer and the Gerstenslager Company created several new vehicles using a Dodge chassis or a Willys Jeep chassis. One of these models is on display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, MI. These Wienermobiles were piloted by "Little Oscar" who would visit stores, schools, orphanages, and children's hospitals and participate in parades and festivals.
|
|
|
The Connection <|> Referenced Dates Throughout Recorded History That Believeably Link To Interdependency
January 4, 1853
"Snowd, Cleard a way at Evng. I was Calld to See mr Firbeshes infant, it has a very bad Cold and is Costive. we administred a Clistar which gave relief. I returnd home about Sun Set. I washt my husband A Shirt after. |
February 4, 1812
- The February 4 1812 letter of Lord Byron to Rogers dealt with issues of the Luddite riots that were soon to be the subject of legislation from the government.
January 9, 1853
|
January 1, 1812
|
June 1, 1981
|
January 1, 1801
February 22, 2010
January, 22, 2010
September, 01, 2001
What Is Being Seen
Are these Events meant to inspire the building to bring about Interdependency to Civilization from what's been seen on 9/11?
|
|
Freedom Of Speech |
Freedom of speech is the political right to communicate one's opinions and ideas using one's body and property to anyone. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used.
Every government restricts speech to some degree. Common limitations on speech relate to: libel, slander, obscenity, pornography, sedition, hate speech, classified information, copyright violation, trade secrets, non-disclosure agreements, right to privacy, right to be forgotten, and campaign finance reform. Whether these limitations can be justified under the harm principle depends upon whether influencing a third party's opinions or actions adversely to the second party constitutes such harm or not.
The term "offense principle" is also used to expand the range of free speech limitations to prohibit forms of expression where they are considered offensive to society, special interest groups or individuals. For example, freedom of speech is limited in many jurisdictions to widely differing degrees by religious legal systems, religious offense or incitement to ethnic or racial hatred laws.
A man expresses his views at a "speaker's corner" in London
The right to freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Article 19 of the ICCPR states that "[e]veryone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice". Article 19 goes on to say that the exercise of these rights carries "special duties andresponsibilities" and may "therefore be subject to certain restrictions" when necessary "[f]or respect of the rights or reputation of others" or "[f]or the protection of national security or of public order (order public), or of public health or morals".
Every government restricts speech to some degree. Common limitations on speech relate to: libel, slander, obscenity, pornography, sedition, hate speech, classified information, copyright violation, trade secrets, non-disclosure agreements, right to privacy, right to be forgotten, and campaign finance reform. Whether these limitations can be justified under the harm principle depends upon whether influencing a third party's opinions or actions adversely to the second party constitutes such harm or not.
The term "offense principle" is also used to expand the range of free speech limitations to prohibit forms of expression where they are considered offensive to society, special interest groups or individuals. For example, freedom of speech is limited in many jurisdictions to widely differing degrees by religious legal systems, religious offense or incitement to ethnic or racial hatred laws.
A man expresses his views at a "speaker's corner" in London
The right to freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Article 19 of the ICCPR states that "[e]veryone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice". Article 19 goes on to say that the exercise of these rights carries "special duties andresponsibilities" and may "therefore be subject to certain restrictions" when necessary "[f]or respect of the rights or reputation of others" or "[f]or the protection of national security or of public order (order public), or of public health or morals".
Business Equality
Equality can go a long way. Just as Businesses can. Business Equality means to spot an employment right over one thing, but seen more as a Unification to get Jobbing done. Major employers in Florida that have adopted comprehensive non-discrimination polices and have demonstrated their commitment to valuing and pro-actively including all employees. Our goal is to improve Florida’s national and international reputation as a welcoming and inclusive place to live, work and visit.
By highlighting employers who have respect for diversity as a core value, we will encourage and provide resources to Florida employers who understand that diversity brings the skills, perspective and other assets that are essential to establishing a competitive workforce.
Membership in our Advisory Board is made up of companies and individuals who are highly respected for their commitment to creating a safe and productive workplace for all individuals including providing protection regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity.
We believe honoring those companies that set the standard with comprehensive policies is the best way to encourage others to promote inclusivity and to strengthen Florida’s reputation in recruiting and retaining a talented workforce.
By highlighting employers who have respect for diversity as a core value, we will encourage and provide resources to Florida employers who understand that diversity brings the skills, perspective and other assets that are essential to establishing a competitive workforce.
Membership in our Advisory Board is made up of companies and individuals who are highly respected for their commitment to creating a safe and productive workplace for all individuals including providing protection regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity.
We believe honoring those companies that set the standard with comprehensive policies is the best way to encourage others to promote inclusivity and to strengthen Florida’s reputation in recruiting and retaining a talented workforce.